Buddhism+and+China+in+the+Middle+Ages

__Buddhism and China in the Middle Ages __ = =  1) Who founded Buddhism and in what country did this originally take place?   Siddartha Gautama or The Budda and in the country of Nepal(cebron)  = =   2) What are the __**Four Noble Truths?**__   __**Existance is suffering(1)desire is its cause(2)Stoping suffering is possible(3)Only by following the "eight-flod path"(cebron)**__ = = = 3) Explain the steps in the __Eightfold Path?__ = = __Meditation is the path to enlightenment.One begins by choosing a meditation technique,which helps one to become more aware of ones thoughts,feelings and phsical sensations(cebron)__ = = = = 4) Explain the concept of __Nirvana.__ = = A nirvana is not a place but a state of wisdom. If someone gave up all desires they would reach nirvana. (Hannah W.) = = = = __5)__ Explain the 2 main forms of Buddhism. = =Theravada Buddhism: thought buddha was a teacher not a god. Mahayana Buddhism: thought buddha was a god come to save people. (Cassidy Harrison)= = = = 6) What religion does Tibetan Buddhism marry with Mahayana Buddhism? Who is the exiled government leader of Tibetan Buddhism? Hinduism (Cassidy Harrison)= = = = 7)who was Empress Wu? = = Empress Wu was a powerful and forceful leader .She was the 1st woman in Chinese history to rule a country on her own.she also added more officials to the government.She also strengthened China's military forces (TyAnna .F.) = = = = 8)Who was Li Bo? = = Li Bo was one of the most popular poets of the Tang Era.His poems often centerd on nature .The poem __**//"Below"//**__  = = by Li Bo is probably the Best-Known poem in Chinaa (TyAnna .F.) = = = = "Moonlight in front of my bed--- = = I took it for frost on the ground!! = = I lift my eyes to watch mountain moon = = lower them and dream of home" = = Li Bo = = "Still Night Thoughts" (TyAnna .F.) = = = = Another favorite poet is "Duo Fu" he was poor cival servant wwho had a hard life (TyAnna .F.) = = ] = = "Rivers and Mountains survive broken countries = = spring returns.the city grows lush again = = Blossoms scatter tears thinking of us and this = = Separation in a bird's cry startles the heart = = Beacon-fires have burned = = through three months = = by now,letters are worth ten thousand in gold" = = ---Duo Fu, = = "Spring landscape" (TyAnna .F.) = = = __** Chapter 12 **__ =** 1) What were the major achievements of the Sui Dynasty? **= =Rebuild the Great Wall and start work on the Grand Canal. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 2) How did the Tang Dynasty increase China's wealth and power? What were the reasons for the downfall of the Tang Dynasty? **Restored civil service exams, gave farmers land, and brought order to the countryside. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 3) Why did Chinese people go to Buddhist monasteries? **= because it provided services for people(leslie lamb)

=** 4) Why did Buddhism lose some popularity in China in A.D. 845?? Who did the Tang disapprove of Buddhism? **= Because many Buddhist monasteries were destoyed by the Tang because fear of Buddism growing power. (Hannah W.) the tang dynasty supported neo-confucianism to reduce buddhism's populaion(leslie lamb) =** 6) Explain the importance of the Civil Service Exams to Chinese government? Were they important? Why? **= they would take a test called the civil service exams that based them on what what they made and it helped because without the exams the people with more money would take their spot and that would not be fair so they picked the best for the job out of the people with the highest score(leslie lamb). =** 7) During the Tang and Song empires, what technological and agricultural improvements helped China's wealth increase? (There could be several responses) **=
 * 5) Explain how Confucianism changed with neo-Confucianism? **

=** 8) Meaning "blacksmith", ___ was the given name of Genghis Khan? **= Temujin (Cassidy Harrison) =** 9) What are "steppes"? **= =are wide rolling grassy plains(leslie lamb)= =** 10) A round tent used by the mongols is known as a __. **= =A Yurt. (Hannah w) = =** 11) Who was Borte? **= =The wife of Genghis Khan or Temujin. was married at the age of ten. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 12) Who was Genghis Khan's blood brother and what happened to him? **= =Jamukha was his blood brother who betrayed him and was later executed by Genghis. (Hannah W.) = =** 13) What qualities made Genghis Khan a good leader and successful military commander? **= =He chose his army based on abilities and created a group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns. (Hannah W) = =** 14) How did the mongols get past the Great Wall of China? **= =they got by the great wall by just surrounding it and stopping its supplies to come in soo when people started getting sick they slam through the wall or made a ladder to climb over.(HANNAThe Song rulers did not have enough soldiers to control their large empire! (Hannah W.) =** 16) Who was Marco Polo and why is he important?? **= Marco Polo was one of the most famous European explorers to reach China. His stories amazed Europeans about the wonders of China. (Cassidy Harrison) =** 17) For what 2 things were Mongols known? **= =Terror and conquest also their trading (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 18) Who was Kubai Khan? Why did Mongol rule in China end? In what ways did it make China stronger, or weaker? **= =Kubai Khan was Genghis Khan's grandson. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 19) What ruler established the __Ming Dynasty__? To which city did he move the capital? **= =Zhu Yuanzhang, he moved the capital to Nanjing. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 20) Who built the Imperial City and where was it located? What was the unique purpose of the Forbidden City? **= =Yong Le built the Imperial City it was located in Beijing. The Forbidden City was the home to China's emperors. (Cassidy Harrison)= =** 21) Who was Zheng He? What was the importance of his mission? What did you find unusual about him? **= =** he was a famous chinese navigator (leslie lamb) **= = = =** 22) How did confucian ideas lead to the end of Chinese exploration and trade? **= = = =** 23) Who were the Manchus?? **= = = **__Chapter 14 (Medieval Japan)__** =‍ 1) What was the **__Onin War__** ?? = =‍The Onin War was a war fought between Japan's warriors. The war was caused by the breakdown of central gov. The war lasted from 1467 to 1477. ( Cassidy Harrison) = =‍ 2) ___ are servant warriors who agreed to fight for nobles in exchange for land. = =‍Samurai (Cassidy Harrison) = =‍ 3) What is __origami__ ? = =‍Origami is the art of folding paper into decorative objects. (Cassidy harrison) = =‍ 4) A __plan of government__ is called a ___. = =‍Constitution (cassidy harrison) = =‍ 5) What is the __sword__ of a samurai called? = =‍The long sword is called a katana and the short blade was called a wakizashi. (cassidy harrison) =


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=‍ 6) Who was Minamoto Yoritomo ? = ==‍Minamoto Yoritomo was the leader of the Minamoto clan and the first person to recieve the title shogun. (cassidy harrison) == Minamoto Yoritomo =‍ 7) This clan provided many of the regents who ruled in place of the many young Japanese emperors. =  __U__ __W__ __ A ==‍Fujiwara (cassidy harrison) == =‍ 8) What stopped the 2 mongol invasions of Japan? What was the Shinto name for these natural events? = =‍ Typhoons stopped both of the invasions they were called Kamikaze. (Jonathan T.) = =‍ The Mongol invasion were stopped by violent Pacific storms that smashed the ships. kamikaze (cassidy harrison) = =‍ 9) Who were the __Daimyo__ ? **the daimyo people were local kings of a piece of area in a kingdom.(HANNA Y)** =

=
‍ 10) What was the __ Gempei War __? Who won? The Gempi war was a civil war between the top 2 most powerful climk99ians its was the Taira Family and the Minamoto family.(HANNA Y),The Minamoto Family won(HANNA Y) ===== =‍ 11) What was the __ Bushido Code?The Bushido code is what the Samurais live by(HANNA Y) __ = =‍ 12) Who were the Jomon and what was their trademark craft? = =‍The Jomon were the first culture to develop on the islands of Japan. Their trademark craft was pieces of clay pottery with knotted cords = =‍ 13) Emperor Akihito is the current emperor of Japan. Who was the first emperor? = =‍ Jimmu was the first emperor. (Jaycie Walker) = =‍ 14) What country did Prince Shotoku attempt to mold Japan to be like? How did he do this? = =‍ He attempted tomake Japan like China He made the buildings look like China's and the government was alike to.(Jonathan T.) = =‍ 15) The art of writing beautifully is called?The beautifilly is called a calligraphy and it was very inportant to Japan.(HANNA Y) =



=‍ 16) What is __ feudalism? __ = =‍ __ A bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal. (Jaycie Walker) __ = ===‍ 17) Explain the teachings of Zen Buddhism. The teaching of the Zen Budddhism is that it teaches people can find inner peace through self-control and a simple way of life(HANNA YEATER) ===

‍ 19) How many islands are in Japan? 3,000 islands(HANNA Y)
=‍ 20) When did the first people come to Japan? How did they get there? The first people to arrive was between 30,000 to 10,000 years ago,and they probably came from northeast Asia(HANNA Y) = =‍ 21) What is the Ring of Fire ? = =‍ 22) Why did the emperor create the title of shogun? = =‍ To keep people happy and loyal to the emperor. (Jaycie Walker) = =‍ 24) What occurred during the Great Change period? = =‍ Japan divided into provinces run by officials who reported to the emperor. (Jaycie Walker) = ===‍ 25) What was the __red and black coating__ that was used to protect leather armor called? The red and black coating to protect the leather was called lacquer(HANNA Y) === =‍ 26) What were the __ kami __? What is anamism? The Kami were nature spirits and the animism is the belief that all natural things are alive and have their own spirits(HANNA Y) = =‍ 27) What is __ Pure Land Buddhism? Pure Land Buddhism was a sect of the Mahayana Buddhism.(HANNA Y) __ = =‍ 28) What was Japan's first capital city? What city became Japan's capital for the next several hundred years? = =‍ The first capital of Japan was Nara and the next one was Kyoto. (Jonathan T.) =
 * 23) What is the main crop of Japan? How much of Japan's land is useful for farming? the main crop in Japan was rice and only 20% of its land can be farmed(HANNA Y) **